ASP.NET Web PDF Document Viewer/Editor Control Library

We now have to cut off the last two characters of the modified password string. These are extraneous and were introduced by the preceding transformations. The $ character, which is a valid character in an encrypted password string, also denotes the special endof-line character in a string. This is the nature of strings on a UNIX or Linux system. Since all of the $ characters of the encrypted string were replaced with \$, the replacement action also included the end-of-line character that is now escaped and shouldn t be included in the encrypted string; both the trailing \ and $ characters need to be removed. This form of the sed command is explained in more detail in 24.

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The Flashback Versions Query feature provides you with row history by letting you retrieve all the versions of a row between either two points in time or two SCNs. Oracle creates a new version of a row each time a COMMIT statement is executed. If you insert a row and subsequently update or delete the row, only the latest version of the row will be preserved in your table. If you wish to find out exactly what changes a row went through over a certain interval of time, you can use the Flashback Versions Query feature. The Flashback Versions Query will return one row for each version of every row in the table. The feature is ideal when you re trying to audit table data or undo erroneous changes to data. Here are some things to keep in mind about the Flashback Versions query feature: You can retrieve only the committed versions of a row. The query will retrieve all deleted rows as well as current rows. The query will retrieve any rows that were deleted and reinserted later on. The query result is in the form of a table and contains a row for each version of a row during the time or SCN interval you specify. By reviewing the history of the rows in a table you can audit the changes and find out which transactions changed the rows.

The Flashback Versions Query feature enables you to retrieve all committed versions of a table s data between two time points. If you ve updated a table row ten different times, for example, the Flashback Versions Query will get you all ten versions of that row over time. The complete syntax for the Flashback Versions Query is as follows: SQL> SELECT [pseudocolumns] . . . /* provide details about the row history FROM . . . /* table name goes here VERSIONS BETWEEN {SCN|TIMESTAMP {expr|MINVALUE} AND {expr|MAXVALUE}} [AS OF{SCN|TIMESTAMP expr}] WHERE [pseudocolumns . . . ] . . . Using the VERSIONS clause in a query will get you multiple versions of the rows returned by the query. In the preceding syntax statement, you can use the VERSIONS clause as a part of your normal SELECT statement, with a BETWEEN clause appended to it. You can also specify an SCN or a TIMESTAMP clause. You must specify the start and end expressions by using MINVALUE and MAXVALUE, which indicate the start time and end time of the interval for which you are seeking the different row versions. The MINVALUE and the MAXVALUE are resolved to the time stamp or the SCN of the oldest and the most recent data that s available in the database, respectively.

The begin and end interval, framed by either SCNs or time stamps, can t go back beyond the time specified by the UNDO_RETENTION parameter.